Cloning Benefits Essay Research Paper Cloning Benefits free essay sample

Cloning Benefits Essay, Research Paper Cloning Benefits What if while walking down the street you encountered person who looked precisely like you? Would you gaze in astonishment or would your bosom be filled with fright? At first some people may look upon the thought of cloning with disgust and inquiry themselves if worlds should play God while others would be interested and study the many possibilities that cloning offers. This illustrates the way that cloning has taken over the latter portion of the 20th century. At first, when cloning was brought up in conversations, people tended to fearfully believe of an ground forces of indistinguishable individuals processing across the Earth in hopes of governing worlds. This and many other absurd impressions of ringers stem from scientific discipline fiction films and books where ringers are distorted into horrid, monstrous animals. In Ira Levin # 8217 ; s science fiction book, The Boys of Brazil, babe Adolf hitlers are cloned in order to take over Hitler # 8217 ; s dream of his race ruling the universe ( Harris 361 ) . This deformation was, and still is, a common misconception of the ends of cloning. In world, cloning, along with its opposite number cistron therapy, is non intended for the production of a to the full developed single. Alternatively, cloning and cistron therapy are about the medical promotion of the universe # 8217 ; s population through the control of diseases and replacing of losing endocrines and variety meats. Although there are statements against them, the possibilities of cloning and cistron therapy are of import for the production of variety meats and endocrines and as a means to command diseases, but both must besides be purely regulated in order to criminalize the production of fully-developed human ringers. Until 1997 the opportunity of mammalian cloning seemed merely approximately every bit improbable as happening a remedy for AIDS. However, 1997 marked the beginning of the fantastic engineering known as mammalian cloning. In that twelvemonth scientists in Scotland clon ed, for the first clip, a sheep ( # 8221 ; The Future # 8221 ; 46 ) . Since so people think that life scientists are cloning both human and other mammal # 8217 ; s embryos merely to see how far they can force the scientific envelope, but in fact there are many legitimate grounds for look intoing cloning. Embryologists believe that research into cloning could assist better the life of future coevalss. Cancer research is perchance the most of import ground for embryo cloning they argue. Oncologists believe that embryologic survey will progress apprehension of the rapid cell growing of malignant neoplastic disease. Cancer cells develop at about the same phenomenal velocity as embryologic cells do. By analyzing the embryologic cell growing, scientists may be able to find how to halt rapid cell division, and besides stop malignant neoplastic disease growing in bend ( Hyde 15 ) . Another of import country of embryo cloning research is embryologic root cell development. Stem cells are u niform cells that can develop into about any type of cell in the organic structure. These cells are non attacked by a individual # 8217 ; s immune system, because of their fast development and uniform position ( Wilmut 4 ) . Many physicians believe that these root cells could be used in interventions for encephalon and nervous system harm. Possibly a more questionable usage of cloned embryos is for trim parts and endocrines. Production of transgenic farm animate beings to do variety meats to transfer in worlds with organ failure has been to a great extent researched. Companies like Alexion Pharmaceutical have been working on the development of # 8220 ; hogs to turn Black Marias and kidneys that won # 8217 ; t be rejected in grafts # 8221 ; ( Reibstein 58 ) . For illustration, the cells used to bring forth tissues for organ transplant could include skin and blood cells for interventions of burn and other hurts, bone marrow grafts for leukaemia patients, and neurological tissues f or degenerative neurological diseases like Parkinson # 8217 ; s and Alzheimer # 8217 ; s ( Winston 913 ) . Obviously human embryo cloning is a great beginning for human promotion, and it is the engineering that will eventually do it possible to use familial technology to worlds. Familial technology involves splicing and recombining Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ( DNA ) to make or repair a cistron on a chromosome. Many intervention drugs have been made through a process known as cistron splicing. Gene splice is a method in which whole cistrons or parts of cistrons are put into bacteriums where they are reproduced when the bacteriums divide. In 1982, two promotions in cistron splice were made ; Interferon, a drug used to handle malignant neoplastic disease, and Humulin, a man-made signifier of insulin used to handle diabetes, were produced through cistron splice ( Hyde 44 ) . Harmonizing to Hyde # 8217 ; s book, Cloning and the New Genetics, before cistron splice was used it took 20 tip and 80 pig pancreases to bring forth a twelvemonth # 8217 ; s supply of insulin for one individual. This may non sound like much, but when you consider the fact that about 60 million people have diabetes worldwide that is a batch of animate beings whose lives have been saved ( 61 ) . Another intervention greatly affected by familial technology is Human Growth Hormone ( HGH ) . Without HGH, kids # 8217 ; s growing is decreased so much they tend to look dwarfed. Alternatively of pull outing the pituitary secretory organs from 50 corpses per one kid, familial technology now allows scientists to utilize the common bacteriums E. Coli to bring forth HGH ( 62 ) . . Both cistron therapy and cloning are highly of import for the promotion of worlds. Harmonizing to D. J. Weatherall # 8217 ; s book, The New Genetics and Clinical Practice: # 8220 ; Finally, and possibly most importa nt[ly] in the long [run], these new analytical techniques will broaden the scope of the genetic analysis of human disease to encompass the cell and molecular biology of a variety of the major killers of western societies, in particular vascular disease, diabetes, cancer, rheumatic disease, and major psychiatric disorders.† (2) Without these new technologies many people would die, and in order to continue with these technologies, we need to restrict only the parts that are harmful or unethical to society. Regulation and restriction must be established in order to outlaw the implantation of a cloned embryo into a woman’s womb. Because human embryo research is just in its infancy, there has been a rush to decide what guidelines are going to be instituted for governing cloning experiments. However, we must not make rash decisions to ban cloning because â€Å"[w]hat’s at stake here are lifesaving technologies, the only hope for thousands afflicted with Parkinsonâ₠¬â„¢s disease, diabetes, cancer, and other deadly and disabling diseases (Carey 2).† To assist the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in determining which cloning experiments to fund, a medical panel was set up to form a preliminary set of guidelines. Steven Muller, the head of the panel, set out with the help of several prominent biologists including, Brigid Hogan and embryology specialist Mark Hughes, to put together a set of guidelines that would satisfy the concerns of both the scientific and religious communities. The religious community vigorously opposes all human cloning procedures for fear that humans are attempting to play God and destroy the family. The scientific community sympathizes with the religious communities concerns, but does not want to lose the enormous amount of information that may be gained by human embryo cloning. Muller’s panel announced a set of guidelines that they hope would be acceptable to both communities. They recommended research be p ermitted on embryos allowing them to develop up to and including the fourteenth day. Researchers would also be allowed to produce new embryos for what the NIH considers compelling research. Researchers would also be permitted to remove some of the embryonic cells from embryos that are destined for in vitro fertilization at a later time (Marshall 1024). The panel did not come to a decision in several other areas including research funding. The panel suggested that research might be permitted after the fourteenth day of development depending upon the circumstances, but definitely not after the eighteenth day, when neural tube closure begins to develop. The neural tube is the beginning of the nervous system, including the brain, in adult humans (Marshall 1024). Thus the scientific community seems to be giving more moral consideration to an embryo then a majority of society gives to a more developed fetus during abortion The experiments that the panel recommended be banned include impre gnating human embryos in other animal species, impregnating cloned embryos into humans, the use of embryos for sex selection, or the transfer of one nucleus from one embryo to another. These are but a few of the procedures that the panel felt were inappropriate for federal funding (Marshall 1024). However, the above limitations only apply to federally funded experiments. Currently there are no laws directly prohibiting any of the above procedures in private research settings. It should also be stated that all of the above procedures have or can be carried out with our current technology. Although the NIH does not have the ability to stop privately funded cloning clinics like the one Richard Seed plans to build, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does. â€Å"The [FDA] already has the power to quash attempts to clone people. Eccentric scientists†¦ can announce plans to open human-cloning clinics. But without FDA approval, they’ll be committing a crime. And they wonâ⠂¬â„¢t get FDA approval† (Carey 1). Whenever a new idea is introduced into society, it is usually met with criticism and fear by some and with joy and hope by others. Just like criticism and fear arrived with the delivery of Louise Brown, the first In Vitro fertilization baby born in 1978 (Tudge 34), the same will hold true for cloning. However, there is hope. Not only is In Vitro fertilization accepted now, but it is used daily by hundreds of couples trying to conceive when it was impossible to even imagine a family before. The plain and simple truth is that both cloning and gene therapy provide many new and exciting possibilities such as the production of organs and hormones and the control of disease to ensure the future health of the human race. Like In Vitro fertilization, humans need to open their eyes and accept these new techniques that are creeping over the horizon which can not only save lives, but increase our longevity as a society. Many critics of cloning and gene therapy do not stop to think about the possibilities of these technologies or about the possibility that one of their offspring could need some genetically engineered or cloned substance to save their life in the future. They worry about one or two scientists trying to clone humans instead of the possibilities that will be available to the world to fight disease. If humans would just take a look at the bigger picture they would realize that cloning and gene therapy will not be the downfall of society, but will increase our longevity and health as a whole.