Date Rape Essay

Introduction public views on localizeal of trespass ar confined on the idea that a stranger, the supposed perpetrator settles on a secluded or sorry area and forcibly attacking someone, before inflicting intimate contact. While this whitethorn appear to be true, it is now a basic reality that rapists arent just strangers. regular(a) people we know friends, acquaintances, relatives and co-workers are possible suspects. In fact, about half of the victims of blow know their perpetrators.Incidences of commital of the criminal killense seemed to be alarmingly high as it comprised fifty to seventy-five per centum of all accounted bollocks cases. But even these data do non speak of the actual figures. The University of Buffalos Student Af equitables cited a conservative FBI statistics which provided that unless three and a half percent of all forms of itch are reported.By examining and analyzing available results, this paper tries to answer questions surrounding designati on foil, which as follows a) What is day of the month muck up?, b) How did it evolve?, c) What are its causes?, d) What are the gambles factors?, and e) What are the incumbent interventions? Anwering these questions would enable us to provide the necessary information regarding get word rape. explanation and history of understand rapeOf the cases reported, majority of it appears that the perpetrator is a victimss acquaintance. While it is assumed that most of this acquaintances, ranging from friends and acquaintances to involutions, romantic partners, and spouses or domestic partners do not necessarily end up in forcefulness, in real cases and causes, rape happens. For this learning, when forced elicitual intercourcourse takes place betwixt devil acquaintances, it is called figure rape or acquaintance rape (Homeier, et al., cc6).Date rape, on an sign public sense, is defined to be a subset of acquaintance rape where two people entaild in a romantic relationship s oak up in nonconsensual sex. But in the case of acquaintance rape, relationship (romantic or professional) has no bearing of the situation hence, it can be described as plain and pure sexual assail or unwanted sexual contact.The law refers sexual rape to include the commital of rape (oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse) or the force penetration of any foreign objects in the fork (dildo, vibrator, including finger) without consent from the victim.Meanwhile, one of the premature advocacy movements on participation rape in the US was pioneered way back in the 70s in Delaware. The realization of an organization called Support Group for Victims of Sexual criminal offence (S.O.S.) founded by then Director of the Health Service Dr. Majorie McKusick was a drive force behind the idea to provide services to survivors of sexual violate. In 1988, SOS produced a brochure dedicated to date rape. At present, bearing a new notice, the organization is continuing its efforts to raise awarenes s on date rape.III. HypothesisBut as to why many people finalise on the verge of date rape and as to why individuals commit this crime, remains a broad subject open for discussion. Basing on facts and scientific studies though, softening experts and institutions underwent a series of researches about the topic, some of which catch produced fair but contradicting results. Given the extensive scope of this issue, this paper assumes that risk factors perceived dating behaviors, external factors ( doses, alcohol), and attitudes of supposed victims and perpetrators constitute likelihood of dating military group and rape. Gravity of the crimeMeanwhile, depending on the gravity of the case, non-penetration actions such as mournful the one-on-one parts of the victim (e.g. buttocks, breasts, genitalia), naked or through dress constitute an assault but not necessarily rape, albeit, these are detterent to the rape itself. Forcing an another(prenominal) individual to touch another perso ns private parts even against his/her will likewise constitute the same.On the otherhand, the trouble of physical hostility, threats of aggression, or perform sexual contact with an unconscious, asleep, or stimulate individual describe the force or advant date. Coercion, without the aid of force or hostility is similarly used such as grave threats, reaveling secrets, regularise the victim to shame, sack an employee or fail a student are forms of sexual harassment. The Crime sceneActions pertaining to date rapes are reported in strategic areas or venues, depending on the status and preferences of the supposed victim. As the name suggests, the crime usually pointed to locations related to the place of the date or meeting. The assault usually happens in secluded, dark, and private or even public and worry places (e.g. hotels, garden, beach, comfort rooms, cars or club houses). Some cases were reportedly committed in bushy, dark areas away from the human settlements.In the case of college students, date related violence was recorded in spite of appearance the university premises. This is proof to the fact that even the educate is not even safe nowadays, more(prenominal) so, it has become a favorite(a) venue for this crime.Commission of rape happens usually in a sure and definite instance. This can be spy if the prospect is conscious of what is misfortune around him/her. But in most cases, the motives are already dispose hence, timing is of great consideration for the suspects to pursue with the aided or unaided sexual assault and for victims to escape the trap. Even in a mall or a fair, where people are busy, perpetrators ferret out a allowance account to commit rape if not harassment. The targetsWhile many people very much think that rape only happens typically to women, this is not always the case. Even men also have experiences of sexual assault. Some even lead to rape, although it draws frequently within heterosexual dating relationships.Th is scenario showed that date rape transcends gender, as in the case of people of every ethnicity, age, culture, religion, economic background, or sexual orientation. Just like the opposite sex sexual assault, the majority of same-sex cases occur between people who have close relationships. However, perpetrators as easily as the survivors are not always gay or lesbian. Moreover, sexual assault can also be part of a bias crime against someone perceived to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered the perpetrator in this instance can be either the same or opposite sex as the survivor.Although girls and women are the most often victims of rape one in three women will be sexually assaulted in her life, men is also vulnerable to be raped. A study revealed that seven to ten percent of rape victims are male. Meanwhile, teenagers and young adults are four times more in all likelihood to be sexually assaulted than women in all other age groups.A USF-Counseling Center for Human Developmen t report showed that 52% of women students have experient some form of sexual victimization, 1 in 8 college women have been raped 1 in 12 college men admitted to sexually abusing women but did not consider themselves rapists of the women raped, almost 75% didnt make out it as such 47% of rapes were by first or everyday dates or by romantic acquaintances and over 1/3 of the women didnt discuss the rape with anyone, and over 90% didnt report it to the police.Moreover, in a 1998 Minnesota Student Survey, approximately 9% of girls and 6% of boys had experienced date violence or rape. On the other hand, lifetime prevalence of date or acquaintance rape ranges from thirteen percent to cardinal seven percent among college-age women and 20% to a high of 68% among adolescents.VII. Causes and TendenciesAs to the cause of becoming a victim and becoming a rapist, an stray of results from researches in the last decade revealed that behavior, perception, and external factors confronts both t he victim and the perpetrator.On a study conducted on perceived causes of date rape, 142 undergraduates were presented with grids containing 9 causes listed by column and row. They were asked to indicate if they believed there was a causal link between each of the 72 causal pairings. The result placed emphasis on drunkenness, norms of dating, and societys attitude to date rape. Mis judgment of mens behavior, male attitude on the unimportance of date rape, and need by males for dominance were seen as prime causes (Bostwick & DeLucia, 1992).Demographic characteristics that add vulnerability to date rape include younger age at first date, early sexual activity, earlier age of menarche, history of sexual abuse or prior sexual victimization, and being more acceptable of rape myths and violence towards women. Ackard & Neumark-Sztainer (2002) on the other hand associated date rape with the higher order of eating disorder behaviors and suicidal tendencies, and aim scores on delirious thoroughly-being and self-esteem scales. Teenage girls intentionally hurt by a date in the previous date are more likely to experience sexual health risks, including vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus transmission (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections, or getting pregnant. date violence should also be included in reproductive health programs, and greater efforts to identify women experiencing violence while on date are necessitate among those providing care related to adolescent reproductive health (Silverman, 2004).Other risk factors include date-specific behaviors such as who paid the expenses, who drove, date, location and activity, as well as the use of alcohol or take drugs such as flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) (Rickert &Wiemann, 1998).A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions is similar to those of diazepam that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports showed that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may cause violent behavior. The US gove rnment has already banned the importation of this drug which was introduced in 1984.Alcohol consumption that occurs within the context of the date can lead to the misinterpretation of friendly gestures or cues as sexual invitations and the females inability to ward off a potential attack.Kanin (1985) proposed that perpetrators deviant sexual behavior has often been envisioned as the result of frustrated but legitimate sexual exhaustion. This study of the perpetrators reveals that as a product of a hypersexual socialization process, these men are sexually active, aspiring, and successful. Due to an exaggerated desire levels viewed as responsible for instituting a high degree of sexual disappointment, this acute relative deficit is a significant process reponsible for the rape episodes.VIII. Interventions Dating violence happens among teemagers which bears common and erratic risk factors for dating violence found across adolescents grouped by sex, race/ethnicity, and prior victimiza tion. Rickert, et. al., (2002) described that efforts to lessen dating violence should (1) affix the use of screening tools that measure victimization as well as contextual parameters that will promote promote dating violence (2) increase self-efficacy to promote safer sex (3) reduce the use/abuse of alcohol and other drugs that facilitate dating violence and (4) eliminate the influence of negative compeer behavior. Interventions to prevent dating violence will likely also lower unwanted pregnancy rates, HIV-AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)among young people..Old township beliefs of a charwoman being unable to rape another woman and a man with another man these make survivors hard to find someone to talk to, avail services, or even believe themselves that they were raped. Survivors of assault by a same-sex partner or date may cause various fears such as homophobia and heterosexist attitudes when disclosing the sexual ordeal or suck up medical or psychologicalint erventions. Van Wies 1995 study on enemy to rape showed that participants in the category with perceived resistance conditions took a yearlong time to identify when the subject should abstain from pursuing sexual contact, thereby exposing them more to be raped. Results of this study could be used to promote level of awareness on date rape, educate people about the risks and responses with date rape, and to strengthen rules regarding proper sexual behavior. ConclusionResearch designs and materials are necessary to advance our our knowledge and understanding of sexual violence among teenagers and the most impressive ways to eliminate it. Understanding and comparing research findings would be easier if consensus regarding the definitions of date rape, sexual aggression, and sexual assault was obtained. Finally, prevention programs on primary and indirect date and acquaintance rape must be enhanced and be subjected to systematic evaluation (Rickert &Wiemann, 1998)Almost sixty perce nt of victims who experienced rape and attempted rape disclosed this information to one or more individuals, whereas only 47% of those who experienced verbally coerced sex told another person. Rickert, et. al., (2005) observed that alcohol addiction and a shorter dating history are eventful variables related with disclosure of rape/attempted rape as well as the time for disclosure. Meanwhile, factors affecting the disclosure of verbally coerced sex and the rotational latency associated with it are less well definedA present sight based on 70% returns of a random sample of 200 women at one college indicated that, although 5% had been date raped, none reported the rapes to politics due to come upings of self-blame and embarrassment. Rape scenarios that were not reported could perpetuate a self-fulfilling prognostic that rapes do not occur. A victim of rape may feel she is the only one against the world and is reluctant to exclude ones self who will report. However, this denial b y both victims and authorities does not encourage programs for prevention and treatment (Finkelson & Oswalt, 1995).Increasing identification of the incidence of date/acquaintance rape (DAR) in the US, especially among women in college, has led to an understanding that the techniques needed to ward off attacks from acquaintances differ from the techniques used to prevent rape by strangers.This study proved and validated the following DAR constructs perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, comparative priority which is neglecting self-interest to save a relationship, rape myth betrothal (believing myths about rape which makes women avoid facing their own vulnerability), and commitment to self-defense. These constructs were also correlated with scales for masculinity, self-esteem, and degree of belief in a just world.Finally, date and acquaintance rape is not only a womans issue. Men must also be actively aware of this issue, as they can help minimize rape by educating themselves and others.Healthy relationships involve wonder including respect for the feelings of others. Someone who really cares about you will respect your wishes and not force or pressure you to have sex.ReferencesFinkelson, L., & Oswalt, R. (1995). College date rape incidence and reporting. Psychol Rep, 77(2), 526.Kanin, E. J. (1985). Date rapists differential sexual socialization and relative deprivation. patronizing Sex Behav, 14(3), 219-231.Rickert, V. I., Wiemann, C. M., & Vaughan, R. D. (2005). Disclosure of date/acquaintance rape who reports and when. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 18(1), 17-24.Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., & Clements, K. (2004). Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the join States. Pediatrics, 114(2), e220-225.Walsh, J. F., Devellis, B. M., & Devellis, R. F. (1997). Date and acquaintance rape. Development and validation of a set of scales. furiousness Against Women, 3(1), 46-58.