One Country Two Systems Problems

One Country devil Systems ProblemsBingyan XuOne Country, Two Systems Promises and ProblemsEver since September 26, 1984, when Communist China and Britain reached an musical arrangement to eitherow mainland China to resume sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, wholeness country, cardinal trunks has been promoted by Deng Xiaoping as a solution to the reunion problem. He suggested that within the unified Peoples res publica of China, the mainland practices socialism, while the current capitalist system of mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau will remain unchanged.Through an in-depth analysis of the 1 country, 2 systems, I am going to explore these questions in this paper what is the origin and mathematical operation of the insurance of? What be the essential features that the policy has promised? In practice, what problems have surfaced so far? How did the policy impact and change Hong Kong bon ton?Origin conceptualization of the PolicyHistorically, Chinas major concern reg arding national reunification had non been Hong Kong just Taiwan. In fact, since Hong Kong provided an opportunity for unofficial contacts with the government of the Republic of China (ROC), the Peoples Republic of China (PRC)s policy had been to keep Hong Kong as it was until the Taiwan issue was resolved. The concept of one country, twain systems emerged in the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committees on celestial latitude 15, 1978. While speaking about the work related to Taiwan, Deng Xiaoping proposed a third round of Kuomintang-CPC cooperation to bring about reunification of the country (Qing). gibe to him, Taiwans socio-economic system, lifestyle and foreign investment will remain unchanged and its military will expire topical anesthetic armed forces. After that, in an interrogate with a Xinhua correspondent on September 30, 1981, Ye Jianying, the chairman of National Peoples Congress, expatiate on the policy more specifically. He proposed nine guarantees, including the idea that Taiwan could be a special administrative zone after reunification, maintaining its throw army and enjoying a high degree of autonomy, with three no-changes guaranteed for Taiwan (Wei).press by Britain to make a decision on Hong Kong, China reversed its priorities. The PRC government opinionated to reunite with Hong Kong first and used it as an experiment for the policy if it was successful, Taiwan would be attracted. In a raised deliver with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in September 1982, Deng publicly presented the one country, two systems concept and considered it to be applicable to Hong Kong (Ching 7). As such, the full b down in the mouthup of the concept took place during the Sino-British negotiations on the constitutional status of the British small town of Hong Kong after 1997.2. Procedure Promises of the Communist Party of China (CPC)The Sino-British Joint promulgation was signed by the PRC and the unify Kingdom on December 19, 1984 in Beijing. In the Joint Declaration, the Chinese government stated that it had decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997 and the United Kingdom government declared that it would restore Hong Kong to the PRC with effect from 1 July 1997 (Wei). A new special administrative region (SAR) government found on the staple fibre Law is established, and the scheme of one country, two systems became a reality.When the sovereignty over Hong Kong is formally is transferred to China, the CPC has made several promises to Hong Kong hoi polloi in the Joint Declaration and the elemental Law. First and foremost, the CPC has promised a highly egotism-reliant SAR in which Hong Kong peck will prescript over Hong Kong. Secondly, a public suffrage with democratic procedures is promised in the Basic Law.The implication of the one country, two systems is that the PRC will run its affair without Hong Kongs interference, and that Hong Kong will not run its affairs without Beijings interference. Due to the three promises above, Hong Kong people thought that they could have a democratic system of government self-supporting from that of PRC.3. Outcome Problems of the PolicyUnderstandably, to the extent that their envisioned futures differ, the CPCs leaders fascinate may not be shared by the people of Hong Kong what the CPC wants is a stable and prosperous Hong Kong under its rule, but the people of Hong Kong require to rule over Hong Kong on their own. The CPC emphasizes one country, while the Hong Kong people stress two systems. Therefore, the main problem surfaces one country increasingly overweighs two systems.By looking at the three branches of the government of Hong Kong, we pile cover that the CPC has successfully contained Hong Kong. In the decision maker branch, the Chief Executive and principal officials of HKSAR government are indirectly appointed by CPC, though nominally the chief executive is elected by a select ion committee of 1200 people. In the legislative Council of Hong Kong, sole(prenominal) a half(a) seats were popularly elected, with the other half directly appointed by CPC. In the judicial branch, CPC has tamed the tourist court of Final Appeal with the reinterpretation of the National Peoples Congress (NPC). fit to Yuens discussion of NPCs interpretative power over the Basic Law, there is no residual power on the part of Hong Kong to jell or interpret any points not clearly stipulated by the Basic Law.The reason why these problems surfaced when the policy was put into use is the controversial and wavelike nature of the one country, two systems. First, it proposes to have a capitalist local system operating under the administration of a communist of import government. According to Chien-Min Chao, Peking has stated that the dialectical principle of the unity of contradictions is the basic and most important objective theoretical source of one country, two systems (110) howe ver, the CPC neglected, or chose to neglect the predictable outcome of the policy at this point. Second, the policy is uneven because the two systems are unequal in size and status. Thus, it is predestined for Hong Kong to be overwhelmed by China in the normal course of development.4. concern Hong Kongs personal identityNow after seventeen years, people may wait whether the implementation of one country, two systems has been successful. Proved by the outcomes, the one country, two systems has certainly brought a number of changes to Hong Kong society, which might seem prosperous to the CPC but disastrous to Hong Kong people. Applying the three-layer model to analyze the social changes, we can clearly see another inefficient part of the policy. It is suggested by the model that the society can be divided into three layers from outside to inside instrument, institution and heathenish core. In the case of the one country, two systems, the policy apparently brought submissive and i nstitutional changes to Hong Kong society but the core value has never been changed. afeared(predicate) of being assimilated, Hong Kong society felt a need to maintain its speciality from the rest of China. For example, when the HKSAR government decided to change the teaching language of all public secondary schools from English to Chinese after two months of reunification, Hong Kong society reacted strongly against the this decision. Chan illustrates their reason as the English language is a figure of Hong Kong people, and distinguishes them from their mainland counterparts. To maintain this distinction, Hongkongers fought to retain their right to learn in English (282).Furthermore, Hong Kong peoples strong self-identity is reflected from the survey data and their attitude to mainland Chinese. Figure 1 shows that more than 50% people identified themselves as only Hong Konger from 1990 to 2012. Notably, the lines of only Chinese and only Hong Konger are getting closer to each oth er. It is not sufficient to prove the growing identity of only Chinese in Hong Kong society, but it shows the immigration wave from mainland to Hong Kong due to the relaxed policy. Hong Kong people always show an angry regionalism toward this kind of issue. When they see any unciviled behavior of Chinese, they will smear them with remarks as Chinese dog go back to your kennel. Sadly, because Hong Kong is instantaneously legally an undeniable part of China, no matter how strong their self identity is, Hong Kong people are unable to speak out their own voice on the world stage.Fig. 1, 1990-2012 (%), Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies of Chinese University of Hong Kong, 20135. ConclusionIn short, the policy of one country, two systems has been adopted by the CPC to resolve the reunification problem of Hong Kong. The policy has worked for the purpose of recovering Hong Kong from the British. Yet, since the CPC fails to realize most of their promises, a number of practical prob lems originated from the policy are still needed to be solved. As a city that prides itself on freedom, the rule of law and low corruption, Hong Kong now faces a difficult road ahead. The feeble state of land in Hong Kong is only one part of a grim picture. As Hong Kong increasingly begins to resemble just another mainland city, it seems a destiny for Hong Kong to become a global backwater.Works CitedChan, Elaine. Beyond Pedagogy Language and Identity in Post-colonial Hong Kong. British Journal of Sociology of Education 23.2 (2002) 271-85. Print.Chao, Chien-Min. One Country, Two Systems A Theoretical Analysis. Asian Affairs 14.2 (1987) 107-24. Web.Ching, Frank. Hong Kong and China One Country, Two Systems? sore York Foreign Policy Association, 1996. Print.Qing, pilar cyst. One Country, Two Systems The Best Way to serene Reunification. Beijing Review 1990 n. pag. Print.Wei, Da-yeh. The Formulation and Development of One Country, Two Systems. Wen Wei Po Hong Kong 20 Dec. 1984 n. p ag. Print.Yuen, Samson, and Kitty Ho. Hong Kong Two Systems, One Country? The Diplomat. N.p., 08 Mar. 2014. Web.